Wednesday, December 31, 2014

Feeding Tips for Alzheimer's and Dementia:

My grandmother passed away due to Alzheimer’s. I was her caregiver for the last five years of her life and I was able to witness the progression of the disease and I know how emotionally and physically draining it can be. It is so important to have a good family support system but to also know when to ask for help to eliminate some of the caregiving burnout. Meal time can be one of the most frustrating and difficult times for those with Alzheimer’s disease. Knowing some proper feeding techniques and tricks could help make this process a lot easier for you and your loved one.

The Hand over Hand Technique:

Place your loved one’s hand over your hand as you are guiding the spoon to their mouth. Vision loss and impairment is very common in those with dementia and this helps them to feel the spoon coming and to know when to open their mouth. You can also use this technique to help them with bathing, brushing their teeth, walking, etc. It will help them to be more involved in their daily routine and more comfortable if you allow them to feel what you are doing.

Choosing proper textures:

Along with chewing, swallowing becomes increasingly difficult as the Alzheimer’s becomes more advanced. It is important to be attentive and to know what textures are easy for them to handle and always note any changes in eating behavior. In the last stages of my grandmother’s life she would eat very little. She had an extremely hard time swallowing so we would look for ways to give her more calories without the food being too thick for her to swallow. We would serve her Greek yogurt as it is high in protein and thin up the texture by adding apple juice or ensure to help it go down easier. We also would add rice cereal to the yogurt to help add more calories. Pureed foods and smoothies are another great way to help create easy to swallow foods. However, they may prefer mashed, or chopped. Be creative and learn what works best for the individual as it will change over time.

 Keep track of how much they are eating as some medications may change desires in appetites. It is common for those with Alzheimer’s to eat less and less until they are at the point of eating very little as the disease progresses, and this is not a painful way to die. However, always note changes in appetite and weight and consult with their doctor or nurse to help address any concerns.

Keep It Simple:

In order to help avoid confusion, serve food one item at a time on a plain colored plate. Patterns may get confused with food. The color red has also been linked to increasing appetite, so a plain, red plate may be your best way to go. Place foods directly in front of them and keep it in their direct line of sight. Tunnel vision is common in those with dementia and bringing something to their mouth from the side may startle them. It is also a good practice to be in their direct line of sight when you first come to them instead of coming in from the side.

The best thing to do in working with those with dementia is to be loving, patient and supportive. Try visuals to help communicate. Avoid asking questions and avoid negative words such as “don’t.” Go through picture albums of when they were younger. Try listening to music. My grandmother remembered tunes and words to songs long after she lost the ability to speak. It is not easy to watch the progression of the disease but it is important to keep trying and learning new ways of adapting to changes. Let me know in the comments below what you have found that works for you.

 -Carrie


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